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Royaume de France; Seconde Restauration
Topic Started: Jun 22 2009, 11:32 PM (1,269 Views)
Krüger
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Royaume de France

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Le drapeau blanc.

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Les armoiries Royales.

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Louis XVIII, par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre.

La Seconde Restauration

National Statistics

Current King of The French: King Louis XVIII
Current Prime Minister:
Capital: Paris
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Currency: French Francs
Population of the Kingdom:
Royal House: House of Bourbon
Official Language: French


The Government of France

Charte de 1814

The French Charter of 1814 was a constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration. The Congress of Vienna demanded that Louis bring in a constitution of some form before he was restored. It guaranteed many of the rights that most other countries in western Europe had at that time. For example, " Frenchmen are equal before the law, whatever may be their titles and ranks" as well as "every one may profess his religion with equal freedom, and shall obtain for his worship the same protection". There was however special provision made for the Roman Catholic Church as the official state religion. It ended with the words "Given at Paris, in the year of grace 1814, and of our reign the nineteenth", this would put the reign of Louis XVIII beginning in 1795 after the death of the only son of Louis XVIII's brother Louis XVI.

Volonté monarchique

The position of the king was not as central as it had been in the time before the French Revolution, however the ministers were responsible to the king. Also, the king was the head of state, with command of the armed forces vested in him. He also declared war and made peace treaties and appointed all people of public administration. The king alone could propose laws and could send them to either of the two chambers the Chamber of Peers or the Chamber of Deputies however finance bills must be sent to the Chamber of Deputies.

Parliament of France
Louis was forced to grant a written constitution, the Charter of 1814, which guaranteed a bicameral legislature, with a hereditary/appointive Chamber of Peers and an elected Chamber of Deputies. The franchise was limited to men with considerable property holdings.

Chambre des pairs

The French peerage was recreated by the Charter of 1814 with the Bourbon Restoration, albeit on a different basis from before 1789. A new Chamber of Peers was created, on the model of the British House of Lords. This chamber acted as a Upper House, like the House of Lords in the United Kingdom. Members of the Chamber of Peers were appointed by the king, without limit on their numbers, starting with 154, including all surviving pre-Revolutionary lay (except the British-held duchy of Aubigny) and ecclesiastical (Reims, Langres, and Châlon) peerages.

Thirteen peers were also prelates. Peerage was for life or hereditary, granted at the king's will. Male members of the royal family and descendants in male line of previous kings (princes du sang) were members by birth (pairs-nés), but needed explicit permission from the king to sit at each session of the Chamber of Peers.

la Chambre des députés

Created by the Charter of 1814 and replacing the Corps législatif, which existed under the First French Empire, the Chamber of Deputies was composed of individuals elected by census suffrage. Its role was to discuss laws and, most importantly, to vote taxes. According to the Charter, deputies were elected for five years, with one-fifth renewed each year. Deputies needed to be 40 years old and to pay 1000 francs in direct contributions. Government ministers could be chosen from among the deputies, and this resulted in giving the Restoration government a slight, albeit minor, parliamentary and liberal character.

The Ministries
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Prime Minister: Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu
Minister of Foreign Affairs:
Minister of the the Interior:
Minister of Finance:
Minister of Justice:
Minister of War:
Minister of Marine and the Colonies:


The Judiciary
Many of the legal, administrative, and economic reforms of the revolutionary period were left intact; the Napoleonic Code, the land reforms that helped the peasants, and the new system of dividing the country into departments were not undone by the new King. Relations between church and state remained regulated by the Concordat of 1801.
If the art of war were nothing but the art of avoiding risks, glory would become the prey of mediocre minds. I have made all the calculations, fate will do the rest. - Bonaparte
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